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1.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 41: e06914, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1340359

ABSTRACT

HoBi-like pestiviruses (HoBiPeV) constitute a novel group of bovine pestiviruses, genetically and antigenically related to bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (BVDV-1) and BVDV-2. Recent data shows that HoBiPeV are endemic among Brazilian cattle, yet bovine reproductive/respiratory vaccines contain only BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 strains. The present study investigated the neutralizing antibody response against these pestiviruses induced by two commercial vaccines (VA = attenuated, VI = inactivated) and by three experimental, replicative, vaccine formulations (VAC1 = monovalent, BVDV-1; VAC2 = bivalent, BVDV-1 + BVDV-2; VAC3 = trivalent, BVDV-1 + BVDV-2 and HoBiPeV). Seronegative beef calves were immunized once (replicative vaccines) or twice (inactivated vaccine) and serum samples were tested by virus-neutralization (VN) 30 days after vaccination (dpv) (replicative vaccines) or 30 days after the second dose (VI). We considered a threshold VN titer of ≥60 indicative of protection against clinical disease. At 30 dpv, VA induced protective titers against BVDV-2 in 7/7 animals (GMT=289.8) and against BVDV-1 and HoBiPeV in 5/7 animals (GMTs=97.5 and 80, respectively). VI induced protective titers against BVDV-1 in 1/7 animal (GMT=16.4), 2/7 animals against BVDV-2 (GMT=53.8) and in none of the calves against HoBiPeV (GMT=12.2). When a pool of sera of each vaccine group was tested against individual Brazilian isolates, VA induced protective titers against 3/7 BVDV-1 isolates, to 9/10 (BVDV-2) and 1/8 (HoBiPeV); VI induced protective titers against 1/7 (BVDV-1), 1/10 (BVDV-2) and none (0/8) HoBiPeV isolates. The experimental vaccine VAC1 induced protective titers against BVDV-1 in 9/9 animals (GMT=320) but in no animal against BVDV-2 or HoBiPeV (GMT<10). VAC2 induced protective titers to BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 in 9/9 animals (GMTs=160 and 640, respectively), and against HoBiPeV in 7/9 animals (GMT=108.5). Finally, VAC3 induced protective titers in all animals against BVDV-1 (GMT=234.3), BVDV-2 (294.9) and HoBiPeV (201.1). Testing the pool of sera against pestivirus isolates, VAC1 induced titers ≥ 60 against 4/7 BVDV-1 but to none BVDV-2/HoBiPeV isolate; VAC2 induced protective titers against 4/7 BVDV-1; 10/10 BVDV-2 and 2/8 HoBiPeV; VAC3 induced protective titers against all BVDV-1, BVDV-2 and HoBiPeV isolates. These results indicate that vaccines composed by BVDV-1+BVDV-2, especially those containing inactivated virus, may not induce serological response against a variety of HoBiPeV isolates. Thus, the need of inclusion of HoBiPeV in vaccine formulations should be considered.(AU)


Os pestivírus HoBi-like (HoBiPeV) compõe um grupo novo de pestivírus de bovinos, genética e antigenicamente relacionados com os vírus da diarreia viral bovina 1 e 2 (BVDV-1, BVDV2). Dados recentes indicam que os HoBiPeV são endêmicos na população bovina do Brasil, mas as vacinas respiratórias e reprodutivas bovinas contêm apenas cepas de BVDV-1 e BVDV-2. O presente estudo investigou a atividade neutralizante contra estes pestivírus induzidas por duas vacinas comerciais (VA = atenuada, VI = inativada) e por três vacinas experimentais replicativas (VAC1 = monovalente, BVDV-1; VAC2 = bivalente, BVDV-1 + BVDV-2; VAC3 = trivalente, BVDV-1 + BVDV-2 e HoBiPeV). Bezerros soronegativos foram imunizados uma vez (vacinas replicativas) ou duas (vacina inativada) e amostras de soro foram testadas por vírus-neutralização (VN) 30 dias após a vacinação (dpv) (vacinas replicativas) ou 30 dias após a segunda dose (VI). Títulos neutralizantes ≥60 foram considerados indicativos de proteção contra doença clínica. Nesta data, a VA induziu títulos protetivos contra o BVDV-2 em 7/7 animais (GMT=289,8) e contra BVDV-1 e HoBiPeV em 5/7 animals (GMTs=97,5 e 80, respectivamente). VI induziu títulos protetores contra BVDV-1 em 1/7 animal (GMT=16,4), em 2/7 animais contra BVDV-2 (GMT=53,8) e em nenhum contra HoBiPeV (GMT=12,2). Quando um pool de soro de cada grupo vacinal foi testado frente a isolados Brasileiros, a VA induziu títulos protetores contra 3/7 isolados de BVDV-1, 9/10 (BVDV-2) e 1/8 (HoBiPeV); VI induziu títulos protetores em 1/7 contra BVDV-1, 1/10 (BVDV-2) e em nenhum (0/8) contra isolados de HoBiPeV. A VAC1 induziu títulos protetores contra BVDV-1 em 9/9 animais (GMT=320) mas em nenhum animal contra BVDV-2 ou HoBiPeV (GMT<10). VAC2 induziu títulos protetores contra BVDV-1e BVDV-2 em 9/9 animais (GMTs=160 e 640, respectivamente),e contra HoBiPeV em 7/9 animais (GMT=108,5). Finalmente, VAC3 induziu títulos protetores em todos os animais contra BVDV-1 (GMT=234,3), BVDV-2 (294,9) e HoBiPeV (201,1). No teste de pool de soro contra isolados de pestivírus, VAC1 induziu títulos ≥60 contra 4/7 BVDV-1 mas contra nenhum isolado de BVDV-2/HoBiPeV; VAC2 induziu títulos protetores contra 4/7 BVDV-1; 10/10 BVDV-2 e 2/8 HoBiPeV; VAC3 induziu títulos protetores contra todos BVDV-1, BVDV-2 e HoBiPeV. Esses resultados indicam que vacinas contendo apenas BVDV-1 BVDV-2, especialmente aquelas inativadas, podem não conferir resposta sorológica protetora contra vários isolados de HoBiPeV. Portanto, a necessidade de se incluir cepas de HoBiPeV nas vacinas deve ser considerada.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Cattle/virology , Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage , Pestivirus/chemistry , Antigenic Variation
2.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; 2021. 89 p. tab, graf, ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1416622

ABSTRACT

O Plasmodium vivax é a espécie com maior distribuição geográfica no mundo e a que predomina nas Américas, incluindo o Brasil. Comparado ao Plasmodium falciparum, poucas vacinas contra o P. vivax encontram-se em fase de testes clínicos. Um dos antígenos de formas sanguíneas de P. vivax candidato a vacina é o Antígeno 1 de Membrana Apical (PvAMA-1). Entretanto, a diversidade antigênica do mesmo na natureza representa um grande desafio para seu uso no desenvolvimento de uma vacina de ampla cobertura. No presente estudo, avaliamos se os polimorfismos de sequências já descritos são capazes de influenciar na eficácia de uma vacina baseada em PvAMA-1. Para isso, geramos 9 proteínas recombinantes a partir da levedura Pichia pastoris, as quais são representativas de diferentes variantes alélicas do antígeno PvAMA-1, a saber: Belem, Chesson I, Sal-1, Indonesia XIX, SK0814, TC103, PNG_05_ESP, PNG_62_MU e PNG_68_MAS. Após expressão e purificação das proteínas selecionadas, avaliamos comparativamente por ELISA a resposta de anticorpos IgG naturalmente adquiridos em indivíduos expostos a malária, procedentes da Região Amazônica. Todas as proteínas foram obtidas com rendimento e pureza apropriados para os estudos propostos. A prevalência total de indivíduos expostos a malária com anticorpos contra PvAMA-1 Belem foi de 53,68%, em 611 amostras de soro testadas. Entre 100 das amostras sorologicamente positivas para PvAMA-1 Belem, os maiores valores de DO492 foram obtidos para as variantes Chesson I, SK0814 e Sal-1, sugerindo que epítopos comuns ou de reatividade cruzada estão sendo reconhecidos nessas variantes. Por outro lado, níveis mais baixos de DO492 foram obtidos para as variantes Indonesia XIX, TC103, PNG_05_ESP, PNG_62_MU e PNG_68_MAS, o que pode significar que essas variantes são menos prevalentes ou não circulam no Brasil. Soros policlonais de camundongos C57BL/6 previamente imunizados com PvAMA-1 Belem foram testados quanto ao reconhecimento das diferentes variantes por ELISA. Nossos resultados demonstraram que as variantes Chesson I, Indonesia XIX, SK0814, Sal-1 e a proteína homóloga foram predominantemente reconhecidas. Por fim, ensaios de competição baseados em ELISA revelaram que as proteínas Chesson I, Indonesia XIX, SK0814 e Sal-1, na fase solúvel, foram capazes de inibir a ligação de anticorpos à variante Belem aderida a placa, sugerindo a presença de epítopos comuns ou de reatividade cruzada entre as mesmas. Nossos dados sugerem que uma vacina baseada na variante PvAMA-1 Belem gera anticorpos variante-transcendentes. Entretanto, para gerar uma vacina universal baseada em PvAMA-1, uma formulação multi-alélica, incluindo variantes da Tailândia e Papua Nova Guiné, deverão ser testadas


Plasmodium vivax has the largest geographical distribution Plasmodium species in the world, and is predominant in the Americas, including Brazil. Fewer P. vivax vaccines than P. falciparum vaccines have successfully reached clinical trials. One of the candidate antigens for a blood-stage P. vivax vaccine is the apical membrane antigen 1 (PvAMA-1). However, the high natural variability found in this antigen presents a major challenge for its development into a wide-range vaccine. In the present study, we evaluated whether sequence polymorphisms would influence a vaccine based on PvAMA-1. To achieve this, we generated 9 recombinant proteins from the yeast Pichia pastoris, representative of different allelic variants of the PvAMA-1 antigen: Belem, Chesson I, Sal-1, Indonesia XIX, SK0814, TC103, PNG_05_ESP, PNG_62_MU, and PNG_68_MAS. After expression and purification of these proteins, we compared, by ELISA and IgG blocking, the natural acquired response from malaria-exposed individuals in the Amazon Region. All proteins selected had the appropriate yield and purity for the proposed studies. The total prevalence of malaria-exposed individuals with reactivity to PvAMA-1 Belem was 53,68%, from 611 serum samples tested. One hundred of these serologically positive samples were further tested against recombinant proteins representing the other allelic variants. The highest OD values resulted from Sal-1, Chesson I and SK0814 variants, suggesting that common epitopes or cross-reactivity exist across the variants. On the other hand, the lowest OD values resulted from the variants Indonesia XIX, TC103, PNG_05_ESP, PNG_62_MU, and PNG_68_MAS, which may mean these variants are less prevalent or do not circulate in Brazil. Polyclonal sera from C57BL/6 mice immunized with PvAMA-1 Belem were tested for recognition of different variants by ELISA. Our results showed that the variants Chesson I, Sal-1, Indonesia XIX, SK0814 and the homologous protein were predominantly recognized. Lastly, ELISA-based competition assays revealed that Chesson I, Sal-1, Indonesia XIX and SK0814 proteins were able to inhibit antibody binding to the Belem variant, suggesting the presence of common epitopes or cross-reactivity between these variants. Our data suggest that a vaccine based on the PvAMA-1 Belem variant displays strain-transcendent antibodies. However, to generate a universal vaccine based on PvAMA-1, a multiallelic formulation including variants from Thailand and Papua New Guinea must be tested


Subject(s)
Plasmodium vivax/metabolism , Chemistry, Pharmaceutical , Malaria/pathology , Antigens/immunology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/instrumentation , Antigenic Variation , Efficacy , Antibody Formation/immunology
3.
Korean Journal of Veterinary Research ; : 107-115, 2011.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-159638

ABSTRACT

Theileria (T.) buffeli (formerly T. sergenti/T. orientalis) is the major hemo-protozoan distributed in the Far East Asian countries such as Korea, China and Japan. It is responsible for the clinical symptoms of anorexia, ateliosis, anemia, fever and icterus. It also causes abortion and sudden death under severe cases, resulting in economic losses for many livestock farms. The objective of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity of the major surface protein (Msp) gene in T. buffeli in Holstein in Korea, and we characterized the association of the diversification of the Msp gene and its relationship with the pathogenicity of Theileria. For this, complete blood counts and Theileria PCR sequence analysis were performed from 57 Holstein in Jeju Island. A total of 26 PCR positive Holstein (16 anemic and 10 non-anemic) were then randomly selected based on 18s rRNA sequence typing of the Theileria Msp gene. The DNA sequence of the T. buffeli Msp gene in Holstein showed 99.0%, 99.2%, 99.9%, 99.5%, 98.7%, 98.4% and 98.4% homology with T. sergenti, Theileria spp., T. sergenti, Theileria spp., Theileria spp., Theileria spp. and Theileria spp., respectively. The result showed a genetic variation of 57.7% (type I), 3.8% (type II), 15.4% (type III), 7.7% (type IV), 13.5% (type V) and 1.9% (type VI). Type I is the most frequent type in both anemic and non-anemic Holstein while type II was found in only non-anemic Holstein. This results of our study help confirm the diversity of Msp gene types and demonstrate that the gene type distribution of Msp genes varies among Theileria-infected Holstein in Jeju Island.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anemia , Anorexia , Antigenic Variation , Asian People , Base Sequence , Blood Cell Count , China , Death, Sudden , Asia, Eastern , Fever , Genetic Variation , Japan , Jaundice , Korea , Livestock , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sequence Analysis , Theileria
4.
Ciênc. rural ; 40(4): 913-920, Apr. 2010. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-547510

ABSTRACT

Os resultados dos testes de virusneutralização (VN) contra os genótipos do vírus da diarreia viral bovina (BVDV-1 e BVDV-2), bem como os respectivos títulos de anticorpos, foram comparados em 1.925 amostras de soro sanguíneo obtidas de rebanhos bovinos naturalmente infectados e não vacinados contra o BVDV, provenientes dos Estados de São Paulo e Minas Gerais. A proporção de amostras reagentes entre os genótipos foi analisada pelo Teste de McNemar, e os títulos de anticorpos das amostras reagentes ao BVDV-1 e ao BVDV-2 foram comparados pelo Teste de Wilcoxon. Não foi verificada discordância na proporção de bovinos reagentes ao BVDV-1 e ao BVDV-2 (P>0,05). No entanto, houve discordância entre os títulos de anticorpos detectados nos testes de VN contra os genótipos 1 e 2 do BVDV (P<0,0001). Embora a proporção de animais reagentes contra ambos os genótipos do BVDV tenha sido semelhante, resultados falso-negativos seriam obtidos se 67 amostras (3,5 por cento) tivessem sido submetidas apenas ao teste de VN, para o BVDV-1, e em 51 amostras (2,65 por cento), apenas para o BVDV-2. Alguns rebanhos apresentaram títulos de anticorpos superiores para o BVDV-1, enquanto outros para BVDV-2, demonstrando assim a ocorrência da infecção pelos diferentes genótipos do vírus entre os rebanhos analisados. Portanto, tais resultados demonstraram a necessidade da inclusão de ambos os genótipos do BVDV nos testes de VN.


The virusneutralization test (VN) results against bovine viral diarrhoea virus genotypes (BVDV-1 and BVDV-2), and the respective titers of antibodies, were compared in 1,925 serum samples collected from unvaccinated and naturally infected cattle herds, located in the states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais, Brazil. The proportion of reagent samples among the genotypes was evaluated by McNemar test and the antibody titers against BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 were compared by Wilcoxon test. There were no disagreement in the proportion of BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 reagent samples (P>0.05). However, there was a disagreement among titers of antibodies detected in the VN tests against BVDV genotypes (P<0.0001). Although the proportion of reagent animals to BVDV genotypes was similar, false negative results would be obtained if 67 samples (3.5 percent) had been submitted only to VN test against BVDV-1, and 51 samples (2.65 percent) only against BVDV-2. Some herds had higher titers of antibodies for BVDV-1, while others for BVDV-2, thus demonstrating the occurrence of infection by different virus genotypes among the analyzed herds. Therefore, these results demonstrated the need for inclusion of both BVDV genotypes in VN tests.

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